Light splitting and recombining arrangement

ABSTRACT

A projector arrangement has a light-splitting and recombining device that divides white light into red, green and blue light output at respective surfaces, and recombines red, green and blue light input to these respective. A transparent base body of the arrangement contains a layer of a material with lower refractive index and at least one layer of a material with higher refractive index. The lower refractive index is selected so that 1.7≦N LS ≦2.1 and the refractive index of the transparent base body is selected so that 1.52≧N K ≧1.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/933,205 filed Aug.20, 2001, which is incorporated here by reference and which is now U.S.Pat. No. 6,476,972, which itself was a divisional of U.S. applicationSer. No. 09/267,475, filed Mar. 11, 1999 and now U.S. Pat. No.6,288,844. This application claims priority on Swiss Application No. CH207/99 filed Feb. 4, 1999.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to projector arrangements and systems withlight-splitting and recombining devices.

The present invention is based on problems such as were recognized whenemploying X-cubes and will be explained in the following. But thefindings can, in principle, be transferred to optical light splitterswhich, as will yet be explained, are used in connection with light ofdifferent polarization. Regarding this topic, reference can be made toA. Thelen, “Nonpolarizing interference films inside a glass cube”, Appl.Optics, Vol. 15, No. 12, December 1976.

For example, in DE 40 33 842 a cuboid optical structural componentcomposed of single prisms with dichroic layers is referred to as a“dichroic prism”.

In the present document the expression

X-cube

is used for such a structural component. With respect to such X-cubes,reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,737,076 and 2,754,718, GermanPatent DE A 40 33 842 as well as to Japanese Patent JP 7 109443, furtherto U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,183, and EP A 0 359 461.

Furthermore, reference is made to WO98/20383 by the same applicant.

Definitions:

The following definitions are used:

Light, visible light:

light with maximum energy in the spectral range 380 nm-720 nm

red light:

light with maximum energy in the spectral range 580 nm-720 nm, inparticular in the spectral range 600 nm-680 nm

green light:

light with maximum energy in the spectral range 490 nm-605 nm, inparticular in the spectral range 500 nm-600 nm

blue light:

light with maximum energy in the spectral range 380 nm-510 nm, inparticular in the spectral range 420 nm-500 nm

yellow light:

light with maximum energy in the spectral range 475 nm-605 nm, inparticular at 582±3 nm

white light:

light with red, blue and green light components

transparent:

negligible absorption in the spectral range 380 nm-720 nm

cube:

spatial shape formed by identical rectangles pairwise opposing eachother in parallel.

First, the fundamental effect of an X-cube will be explained withreference to FIG. 1. Optic light splitters of this type are employedprimarily in projectors in order to separate white light into red, greenand blue light or to recombine the latter into white light. According toFIG. 1, an X-cube comprises four single prisms 2 a-2 d. The prismscommonly comprise BK7 glass. In cross section they form right-angledisosceles triangles with an angle of 90 degrees. The length of thehypotenuse is, for example, between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably 20-30 mm.Between the two prism pairs 2 a and 2 b, on the one hand, and 2 d and 2c, on the other, a spectrally selectively reflecting and transmittingcoating system 5 is embedded, which largely reflects blue light butlargely transmits green and red light.

Between the two prism pairs 2 a and 2 d, on the one hand, and 2 b and 2c, on the other hand, a further spectrally selectively reflecting andtransmitting coating system 7 is embedded which largely reflects redlight, however largely transmits green and blue light.

Consequently, on the X-cube three channels result for red, green andblue light, K_(R), K_(G), K_(B) and one channel K_(R+B+G) for whitelight. On each of the coating systems 5, 7, between the addressed prismpairs, reflection at 45 degrees of the incident light, thus coloredlight, takes place. The hypotenuse faces of the prisms 2 can be coatedwith an antireflection coating system.

Such X-cubes are mainly used today in projection apparatus in order torecombine red (R), blue (B), and green (G) light, each of which issupplied via light valves, in particular LCD light valves, operating intransmission to the associated channels K_(R), K_(B), K_(G) in channelK_(R+B+G) into white light. This is indicated in FIG. 1 in dashed lines.Light valves are therein image-forming elements comprising amultiplicity of individually driven pixels. The number of pixels thereinyields the resolution according to EVGA, SGA, EGA, or XGA standards,etc.

Due to the printed conductor and the driving electronics a lower limitof the pixel size exists in the case of such light valves operating intransmission and it is only with difficulty possible to attain sizesbelow this limit. When decreasing the pixel size, furthermore, theoptical aperture per pixel decreases.

This restriction does not apply in light valves which do not work intransmission but rather, as shown in solid lines using light valves LCDin FIG. 1, operate in reflection and therein rotate the plane ofpolarization of the reflected light by 90 degrees.

The use of such light valves operating in reflection has been hindereduntil today by problems which will be explained later. In FIG. 2 theconditions are shown which obtain when replacing conventional lightvalves, which, according to FIG. 1, are LCD valves operating intransmission, by light valves RLV, which are reflective light valvesoperating in reflection. If, to the configuration according to FIG. 1, alight valve RLV operating in reflection is connected according to FIG.2, for example, reflected S-polarized (direction of oscillation of the Efield) blue light B reflected on coating system 5 of the X-cubeaccording to FIG. 1, is converted on the light valve RLV intoP-polarized blue light and reflected back onto the coating system 5 and,again, reflected by the latter. On one and the same coating system 5,according to FIG. 2, and, analogously, for red light on system 7,reflections of light of identical spectra but different polarizationsoccur.

Spectrally selectively reflecting and transmitting coating systems, suchas are used in said X-cubes but also in other light splitters forcolor-selective effects, are conventionally produced by means ofdielectric multicoating systems. These comprise each at least one layerof a material with lower refractive index and one layer of a materialwith higher refractive index. For example, as the material with lowerrefractive index SiO₂ is conventionally used, with a refractive index of1.46. As the material with higher refractive index, for example, TiO₂ isused today with a refractive index of 2.4 or Ta₂O₅ with a refractiveindex of 2.1.

In FIG. 3 the reflection of S-polarized blue light on a color-selectivecoating system comprising SiO₂/TiO₂ is shown as well as that ofP-polarized blue light on the same coating system. Both measurementstook place at an angle of light incidence of 45 degrees, as depicted inFIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 is shown on a coating system again composed of SiO₂/TiO₂layers and selectively reflecting red light R, the reflection behaviorof S-polarized and of P-polarized red light. The measurements of FIGS.3, 4 were carried out on an X-cube with BK7 glass as the base bodymaterial wherein the listed color-selective coating systems 5, 7 or FIG.2 were embedded.

In FIGS. 3 and 4 is evident that, on the one hand, in both cases thereflection of P-polarized light is significantly less than that ofS-polarized light, quite pronounced on the red-selective coating system,and that further a marked edge shift—polarization shift—of the reflectedspectra takes place. For example, with selective reflection of bluelight the 50% reflection points for S- and P-polarization are spacedover 70 nm apart, corresponding to Δ_(B).

If in FIG. 2 the represented path of rays is considered, without takinginto account the second color-selective coating system 7 provided on theX-cube, thus only the reflection on one coating system, namely thecoating system 5 for blue light, one obtains

I′ _(Bout) ^(P) =I _(in) ^(S) ·R _(RB) ^(S) ·R _(RB) ^(P)  (1)

where

I′_(Bout) ^(P): intensity of the P-polarized blue light reflected backby coating system 5,

I_(in) ^(S): intensity of the S-polarized blue light incident on coatingsystem 5,

R_(RB) ^(S): the reflection of the blue-selective coating system 5 forS-polarized blue light,

R_(RB) ^(P): the reflection of the blue-selective coating system 5 forP-polarized blue light.

Starting from the reflection behavior shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for bluelight B on coating system 5 according to FIG. 2 and, analogously, forred light R on coating system 7, taking into consideration theparticular transmitting coating systems, thus system 7 for blue light Bor system 5 for red light R, respectively, intensity spectra forI_(Bout) ^(P) or for I_(Rout) ^(P) are obtained as shown in FIG. 5 orFIG. 6, respectively. Taking into consideration the statedtransmissions, as well as according to FIG. 2 the reflection behavior ofa potentially added light valve RLV operating in reflection, for bluelight is obtained:

I _(Bout) ^(P) =I _(in) ^(S) ·T _(RR) ^(S) ·R _(RB) ^(S) ·R _(RLVB) ·R_(RB) ^(P) ·T _(RR) ^(P)  (2)

Therein denote further

T_(RR) ^(S): the transmission of the red-selective coating system 7 forS-polarized light

R_(RLVB): the reflection of the light valve

T_(RR) ^(P): the transmission of the red-selective coating system 7 forP-polarized light.

The expression for red light is obtained analogously.

The differing reflection properties of the selective red or blue coatingsystems with respect to S- and P-polarization lead to seriousconsequences:

The light from the spectral ranges Δ_(B) or Δ_(R) between the S- andP-reflection spectra according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is not output but passescorrespondingly the blue or red reflector and remains as scattered lightin the system, according to FIG. 2 in the X-cube.

In FIG. 7 the spectrum of the scattered light in the X-cube is shownwith the stated intermediate spectral ranges Δ_(B) and Δ_(R) accordingto FIGS. 3 and 4 entered.

It is evident that a large quantity of scattered light remains in thesystem. Further, as evident in FIGS. 5 and 6, the total transmission inthe red spectral range as well as also in the blue is insufficient, i.e.substantially less than it would be, in view of FIG. 2, if on bothcolor-selective coating systems 5 and 7 only S-polarized light were tobe reflected.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Starting from the described problems, the present invention poses thetask of creating light splitters of the above stated type in which thediffering color-selective behavior of the coating systems with respectto differently polarized light, is reduced or corrected, or to create anoptical transmitter configuration with a light splitter with which thisis also attained. As the light splitter of the transmitter configurationaccording to the invention is preferably used in combination a lightsplitter according to the invention.

Further, the scattered light in the light splitter or in the transmitterconfiguration is to be minimized and, if appropriate, the color locationis to be optimized.

This task is solved, on the one hand, in the case of a light splitter ofthe type described in the introduction thereby that for the lowerrefractive index N_(LS) applies:

 1.7≦N_(LS)≦2.1.

As will yet be explained, this leads to the fact that the edge shiftΔ—the polarization shift—of the P- and S-reflection spectra, asexplained in conjunction with FIG. 3 or 4, is substantially reduced and,in addition, the reflection of P-polarized light is approximated to thevalue for S-polarized light.

In a preferred embodiment, the refractive index N_(LS) is selected as:

N _(LS)=1.8±2%.

As the material with higher refractive index is preferably used amaterial comprising at least as the major component an oxide oroxynitride, therein preferably a material from the series TiO₂, Ta₂O₅,Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂, SiO_(x)N_(y), especially preferred TiO₂ and/or Ta₂O₅.All of these materials have indices of refraction of maximally 2.1.

The lower refractive index N_(LS) selected according to the invention ispreferably controlled thereby that as the associated material a mixedmaterial is used comprising at least two materials m₁ and m₂, for therefractive index N_(m1), N_(m2), to which applies:

N_(m1)≧1.05N_(LS)

N_(m2)≦0.95N_(LS).

The first material m₁ of the mixed material is preferably also amaterial used as the material with the higher refractive index, thus anoxide or oxynitride, therein preferably at least one of the above listedmaterials TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂, SiO_(x)N_(y), especiallypreferred TiO₂ and/or Ta₂O₅.

As the second material m₂ of the mixed material is preferably used SiO₂and/or Al₂O₃ and/or SiO_(x)N_(y) and/or Y₂O₃. By selecting the mixingratio m₁/m₂ of the mixed material, the material with the lowerrefractive index, the desired refractive index N_(LS) is realized. Asthe material with the lower refractive index, a mixed material ispreferably used comprising SiO₂ and TiO₂, with an SiO₂ fractionA_(SiO2)=(60±5) % and a TiO₂ fraction A_(TiO2) of (100%−A_(SiO2)). Y₂O₃,having a refractive index of 1.8±2%, can therein also be used as thematerial with the lower refractive index.

The refractive index N_(K) of the material of the at least one base bodyis preferably selected as follows:

1.52≧N_(K)≧1.

The value 1.52 corresponds therein to the refractive index of BK7 glasswhich is commonly used in particular for X-cubes. The stated body canalso be fabricated of quartz glass with

N _(K)=1.45±2%.

It is preferred if on the light splitter according to the invention bothcoating systems are implemented like said at least one. Furthermore,according to the invention and especially preferred, a light splitterimplemented as an X-cube of the above described type is proposed, inwhich the coating systems are embedded substantially along diagonalplanes of a base body cuboid which is preferably square in a cuttingplane perpendicular to the common line of intersection of the coatingsystems.

To summarize: thus a formulation according to the invention of thesolution of the above task is the specific selection of materials of thedescribed coating systems.

A second solution of the above task is attained through a spectrallyselective light splitter. In such a light splitter, which splits whitelight into red, green and blue light, respectively recombines whitelight from red, green and blue light, with two separate coating systems,each reflecting and transmitting color selectively, which are applied,or are embedded, on or in at least one transparent base body and onwhich the body defines emergent faces for the red, green and,respectively, blue light, at least one of the emergent faces withrespect to the direction of the light emerging from it and reflected onat least one of the coating system is tilted such that the face normalof the emergent face forms with the stated direction an acute angle φwhich differs from 0 degrees. Due to fabrication tolerances on the lightsplitter, angles between light emergent direction and the face normaldiffering from 0 degrees may well occur in this case, but, on the onehand, such tolerance-dependent angle deviations are not reproducibleand, on the other hand, the tolerance-dependent angle deviations due toproduction are prior known. The zero deviation realized according to theinvention, in any event, is greater than the stated prior knowntolerance deviation.

Preferably, and as yet to be explained, the addressed maximum angledeviations are 5 degrees.

It is now possible to apply directly onto the emergent faces on such alight splitter light valves, operating in reflection with which, withrespect to the coating systems, for example according to FIG. 2, lightin S-polarization, incident on a considered coating system and to bespectrally divided, is reflected on the coating system at a differentangle than the P-polarized light to be recombined of the same spectrumreflected by light valve RLV.

However, the possibility also exists of realizing the reflection angleshift on one and/or the other coating system without correspondingtilting of the emergent faces on the light splitter itself, i.e. withoutchanging the light splitter itself by mounting the light valves at acorresponding relative tilt.

A corresponding optical transmitter configuration with a light splitter,with an incident and emergent face for white light and emergent faceseach for red, blue and green light, comprises reflectors, operationallyconnected with the emergent faces of the stated light splitter, whichreflectors change the polarization of light and on which the lightemergent at the emergent faces is reflected at an angle deviating from 0degrees by more than is given through the fabrication tolerances of thetotal configuration. Such an optical transmitter configuration can nowbe realized through the direct application of light valves, operating inreflection, onto the tilted emergent faces of a light splitter, or thereflector tilt can be realized through mechanical mounting measures,apart from the light splitter implementation proper.

The light splitter according to the invention considered by itselfcomprises preferably in combination the measures with respect to layermaterial as well as also the measures of realizing on the coatingsystems differing reflection angles specific to the direction of theincidence of rays, as is specified by the light splitter. Furthermore,an optical transmitter, in principle with tilted reflectors, preferablycomprises also the solution characteristics with respect to specificlayer materials on the light splitter.

Each of the principles according to the invention, namely the materialselection according to the invention of one, preferably of both of thecoating systems and/or reflection specific as to direction of incidenceon at least one, preferably on both coating systems, now permits workingwith reflecting light values in particular also in the case of projectorconfigurations.

An optical transmitter configuration on which the stated tilt isrealized and/or which comprises a light splitter with the materialselection according to the invention of the coating systems, preferablycomprises further a polarization beam splitter at the input side and/oran HMI lamp as an illumination source.

The HMI lamp has in its light spectrum low energy values where the rangeof spectral shift range also is located of the reflection behavior withrespect to S- and P-polarized light, i.e. corresponding to the spectralranges Δ_(R) and Δ_(B) according to FIGS. 3 and 7.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be explained further by example with reference tothe figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic optical transmission configuration of an x-cube,

FIG. 2 illustrates conditions occurring when replacing conventionallight valves,

FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are each graphs plotting reflectants or intensityof light against wavelength,

FIG. 8 the reflection of blue light on a light splitter according to theinvention with a layer material selection according to the invention forS- and P-polarizations,

FIG. 9 in a representation analogous to FIG. 8 the reflection resultingwith the layer material selection according to the invention of redlight in S- and P-polarization,

FIG. 10 the total transmission of blue light in an X-cube with the layermaterials selected according to the invention, i.e. with coating systemswhich in each instance lead to the results according to FIGS. 8 and 9,as well as the spectrum of an HMI lamp,

FIG. 11 in a representation analogous to FIG. 10 the spectrum of thetotal transmission of red light as well as of said HMI lamp registeredon the same X-cube,

FIG. 12 the spectrum of the scattered light resulting on said X-cubeaccording to the invention as well as of said HMI lamp,

FIG. 13 schematically a first optical transmitter configurationaccording to the invention in the form of a projection configurationaccording to the invention with a light splitter according to theinvention with the materials of the coating systems selected accordingto the invention,

FIG. 14 schematically and only shown with one of the coating systems, anX-cube and light valve configuration in order to explain the inventionunder the aspect of its tilt with respect to red light,

FIG. 15 in a representation analogous to FIG. 14, the conditions forblue light,

FIG. 16 a simple realization possibility of the invention under theaspect of its tilt using a conventionally formed X-cube,

FIG. 17 spectra of the red and blue light in order to explain the effectof the tilt according to the invention, and

FIG. 18 in analogy to FIG. 12, the residual light spectrum resulting inan X-cube with combined solutions according to the invention accordingto the spectra of FIG. 17, with the spectrum of the HMI lamp PhillipsUHP 120 W.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The results presented in the following in conjunction with FIGS. 8 to12, were measured using a configuration such as is represented inprinciple in FIG. 2. An X-cube was provided with color-selective coatingsystems 5 or 7, respectively.

The material with the higher refractive index in the coating systems 5,7 was TiO₂, the material with the lower refractive index was a mixedmaterial comprising SiO₂ and TiO₂ in a mixing ratio ofA_(SiO2)/A_(TiO2)=60/40. The body of the X-cube comprised quartz glass.

The effects of the transmission, resulting in the reflectionmeasurements on the particular noninvolved coating system—thus for bluelight the red-selective system 7 and for red light the blue-selectivesystem 5—in particular the transmission difference for S- andP-polarized red or blue light, respectively, were negligible.

On the configuration of FIG. 2, in analogy to FIG. 3, in an X-cube withTiO₂ as the material with the higher refractive index and SiO₂ as thematerial with the lower refractive index on the light splitter accordingto the invention, were measured spectra for reflected blue light B in S-and P-polarization, represented in FIG. 8, and analogously for red lightR in FIG. 9. The refractive index N.sub.LS within the range

1.7≦N _(LS)≦2.1

was selected as 1.8±2%.

Due to the selection of said mixing ratio of the mixed material withlower refractive index, and thus the setting of the lower refractiveindex, a substantial reduction of the polarization shift Δ_(B) or Δ_(R),respectively, is attained and thus a substantial approximation of thereflection spectra edges of S- and P-polarized light. If, in the case ofprior known optical structural components according to FIG. 3 at 50%reflection a polarization shift of 70 nm results between the reflectionspectrum for S- and P-polarized light, in the case of the structuralcomponent according to the invention a polarization shift of only 30 nmis obtained for this light. Similarly, for red light at 30% reflectionon the structural component according to the invention a polarizationshift of only 25 nm results while the same value on prior knownstructural elements is 50 nm according to FIG. 4.

Further, the maximum reflection of P-polarized blue light according tothe invention and according to FIG. 8, is approximately 92% of that ofS-polarized blue light while in prior known structural componentsaccording to FIG. 3 this value is only 75%. As is readily apparent, withrespect to red light, the maximum reflection attained according to theinvention with P-polarization is 97% of that with S-polarization whilein the case of prior known structural components according to FIG. 4,the former is only 40%.

In FIG. 10 in the case of the system, according to FIG. 2, as definedabove and structured according to the invention the total transmissionof blue light is depicted and, correspondingly in FIG. 11, the totaltransmission of red light, thus over the light division on the X-cube,reflection on RLV and light recombination on the X-cube.

An HMI lamp, for example a lamp UHP 120 W by Phillips, yields the lampspectrum Δ also entered in FIGS. 10 and 11. It is evident that the lampspectrum has low energy or a low intensity where the blue light, due tothe still remaining polarization shift Δ′_(B) according to FIG. 8, has alow transmission in any event. As is extremely advantageous, the lampspectral line is additionally at 580 nm, corresponding to the yellowlines faded out through the coating system provided according to theinvention (see FIG. 10), which prevents a green coloration of the bluecomponent or orange coloration of the red component. Based on thecomparison of the scattered light spectrum of FIG. 12 with thatresulting on a conventional X-cube according to FIG. 7, it is evidentthat the total scattered light losses in the case of the light splitter,realized according to the invention with coating system materialsselected according to the invention, are substantially less than in thecase of a conventional light splitter of said type, in particular alsoif the light splitter according to the invention is combined with an HMIlight source.

In FIG. 13 is depicted the realization of a projector according to theinvention in which, due to the implementation according to the inventionof the optical light splitter structured as an X-cube, namely withcoating system materials selected according to the invention, lightvalves RLV operating in reflection are used.

White light, S-polarized or both, S- and P-polarized, is incident on apolarization beam splitter 13. The coating system 10 of the beamsplitter, in known manner, has the property of deflecting S-polarizedlight by 90 degrees and of allowing P-polarized light to pass. TheP-polarized light can also be reflected back to the light source bymeans of a mirror (not shown). The S-polarized white light enters theX-cube 12, structured as explained in conjunction with FIG. 2 butcomprising the coating system materials according to the invention. Atthe three emergent faces, corresponding to the three color channels, ofthe X-cube 12 are provided light valves RLV^(R), RLV^(G), and RLV^(B),operating in reflection. With a change in the polarization, the light ofthe particular associated spectra is there reflected back in P-polarizedform onto the associated color-selective reflection coating systems,implemented according to the invention, and output after recombinationby the polarization beam splitter 13. Thus the light is split in theX-cube in S-polarization into RGB and in the same X-cube recombined fromRGB in P-polarization. The P-polarized light can traverse unhinderedthrough the polarizing beam splitter 13 and is projected via projectionoptics onto a (not shown) screen.

With reference to FIG. 14, the second solution according to theinvention of the above posed task will be explained in principle, thesolution of which, as already mentioned, can be optimally combined withthe just described solution, namely the special coating system materialselection.

Again, the problem to be solved is given thereby that, as has beenexplained in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4, on the particular coatingsystems of a light splitter a decisive polarization shift of thereflected spectra, corresponding to Δ_(B) and Δ_(R), is generated.

In principle, and in view of said Figures, is to be attained:

to shift the spectral edge of the reflected red light in S-polarization(see FIG. 4) toward longer wavelengths;

to shift the spectral edge of the reflected red light in P-polarizationtoward shorter wavelengths;

to shift the spectral edge of the reflected blue light in S-polarizationtoward shorter wavelengths; and

to shift the spectral edge of the reflected blue light in P-polarizationtoward longer wavelengths.

It is highly surprising that all of these conditions can, in principle,be met thereby that the angle of incidence for P- and S-polarized lighton the associated coating systems are selected so as to be different.This approach will be explained in principle with reference to FIG. 14.Apart from conditions yet to be explained, this Figure showsschematically an X-cube 20 with the one coating system 5 a—the redreflector—as well as a light valve RLV operating in reflection and, forthe sake of clarity, shown only for one channel.

Essential in the solution according to the invention is that the lightincident on RLV arrives on RLV at an angle φ, deviating from 0 degrees,with respect to the face normal F_(RLV) and no longer, as for exampleaccording to FIG. 2 or 13, at an angle φ=0 degrees.

The requirements made of the spectrum of the red light for a decrease ofthe polarization shift according to FIG. 4 are now met thereby that theangle of reflection α_(R) for the S-polarized red light is selected tobe smaller than the angle β for the P-polarized red light.

Conversely, the conditions with respect to polarization shift of thespectra of the blue light are met thereby that, as shown in FIG. 15, theangle of reflection α_(B) of the blue light in S-polarization on thecoating system 7 a is greater than the angle of reflection β_(B) of theblue light reflected by the associated light valve RLV. According toFIGS. 14, 15 on the red reflector or blue reflector coating system 5 a,7 a obtains

β_(R)=α_(R)+2φ.

β_(B)=α_(B)−2φ.

Angle α is controlled through the geometric relative position of thecoating system 5 a according to FIG. 14 with respect to the direction ofthe light incident on channel K_(R+B+G), angle β as a function of thisangle of incidence α as well as the angular orientation of the reflectoron RLV with respect to the light emergent at channel K_(R) or K_(B).

With respect to red light as well as also with respect to blue light, ina preferred embodiment the particular angle α and β is symmetrically 45degrees. If the deviation of the particular angles α, β from 45 degreesis denoted by δ,

45 degrees±δ=α

45 degrees±δ=β

is obtained where the upper sign applies in each case for blue light atreflector 7 a according to FIG. 15, the lower sign for the conditions atthe red channel with reflector 5 a according to FIG. 14. Therefromresults

φ=δ.

In a further preferred embodiment, δ is selected as

0<δ≦5 degrees.

It follows that on the light valve RLV_(R), associated with the redchannel K_(R), and/or on light valve RLV_(B), associated with the bluechannel K_(B), preferable on both, the incident light is to be reflectedat an angle φ greater than 0 degrees and preferably maximally 5 degrees.Since small angles of incidence φ which deviate from 0 degrees can alsobe caused by fabrication, this angle φ of 0 degrees can be selected todeviate to an extent which is above that caused by fabricationtolerances.

As is readily evident in FIGS. 14 and 15, the particular angle α isdetermined by the relative orientation of the particular coating system7 a or 5 a and the direction of light incidence of the light enteringthrough channel K_(R+B+G) for white light.

The geometric conditions according to the invention on light splittersand valves RLV, in particular X-cubes and light valves RLV, as shownqualitatively in FIGS. 14 and 15, can be realized through specificformation of the X-cube or the light splitter itself, namely by tiltingtheir emergent faces corresponding to K_(R) or K_(B) as well as theircoating systems 5 a and 7 a and direct application of the valves on thetilted faces (in FIGS. 14, 15 in dashed lines at K_(Rφ), K_(Bφ)).Alternatively—and simpler—the “tilting” is realized through thecorresponding positioning of the RLVs and the implementation ofillumination or recombination optics, with the X-cube or light splitterremaining geometrically unchanged.

A simple realization form results according to FIG. 16 and, as readilycomprehensible based on the combined consideration of FIGS. 14 and 15,thereby that an X-cube, such as shown for example in conjunction withFIG. 2, is tilted with respect, for example, to light valves RLVdisposed in parallel.

In FIG. 17 several spectra for red and blue light are shown, as measuredon an X-cube on which both solutions according to the invention werecombined, namely, on the one hand, material selection of the coatingsystems according to the invention, and, on the other hand, layout ofthe angle of incidence according to the invention. These spectra weremeasured on X-cubes leading already to the above described spectraaccording to FIGS. 8 and 9.

In the red spectra of FIG. 17 denote:

(a): the spectrum of the reflected S-polarized red light at an angle ofincidence α_(R) according to FIG. 14 on the red reflector 5, accordingto the invention, of 45 degrees. This spectrum corresponds to the onespectrum of FIG. 9.

(b): The spectrum of the reflected P-polarized red light reflected onthe red reflector 5, according to the invention, at β_(R)=45 degrees.

These spectra, again, show clearly the reduction attained of thepolarization shift according to FIG. 9 according to the invention,through the selection of the material of the coating systems.

(c): The spectrum of S-polarized red light on the same red reflector 5according to the invention, reflected at α_(R)=42 degrees.

(d): The spectrum of P-polarized red light reflected on the same redreflector 5 at β_(R)=48 degrees.

Comparison of the spectra (c) and (d) shows readily that the remainingpolarization shift Δ″_(R) is again reduced by practically 50% throughthe specific polarization-dependent layout of the angles of incidenceα_(R), β_(R).

In the blue spectra B of FIG. 17 denote:

(e): The spectrum of reflected S-polarized blue light reflected on theblue reflector 7, laid out according to the invention with respect tothe layer materials, at an angle of incidence α_(B)=45 degrees.

(f): The spectrum of the reflected P-polarized blue light on the bluereflector 7, according to the invention, with β_(B)=45 degrees.

This spectrum corresponds to that of FIG. 8.

Between spectra (e) and (f) the polarization shift Δ′_(B) according toFIG. 8 is evident.

(g): The spectrum of the S-polarized blue light reflected on the bluereflector 7 implemented according to the invention, with α_(B)=48degrees.

(h): The spectrum of the P-polarized blue light reflected on the bluereflector 7 implemented according to the invention, with β_(B)=42degrees.

Again, spectra (g) and (h) reveal the further reduction of thepolarization shift with respect to that attained already through thelayer material selection alone according to the invention according toFIG. 8.

In FIG. 18, in analogy to the representation according to FIG. 12, onthe one hand, the spectrum of an HMI lamp, namely the UHP 120 W byPhilips, is shown, on the other hand, the spectrum of scattered light,attained with an X-cube with the coating systems laid out according tothe invention as well as with the polarization-specific layout of theangles of incidence α, β according to the spectra of FIG. 17.

It is readily possible to implement on the light splitter according tothe invention, in particular an X-cube, for example only the coatingsystem 5 forming the red reflector with the materials according to theinvention and to realize the layout of the angles of incidence accordingto the invention, for example according to FIG. 16, by tilting theX-cube.

What is claimed is:
 1. A projector arrangement with a light-splittingand recombining device, which device divides white light into red, greenand blue light being output at respective output surfaces of said deviceand recombines red, green and blue light input to respective ones ofsaid output surfaces, further comprising adjacent to said outputsurfaces, image-forming elements operating in reflection and comprisinga multiplicity of individually driven pixels and wherein light outputfrom respective ones of said output surfaces is reflected at an adjacentsurface of respective ones of said image-forming elements and whereinsaid light splitter and recombining device comprises: two coatingsystems, each reflecting and transmitting color selectively, saidcoating system being embedded in at least one transparent base body; atleast one of the coating systems comprising at least one layer of amaterial with lower refractive index as well as at least one layer of amaterial with higher refractive index, wherein for the lower refractiveindex N_(LS:) 1.7≦N_(LS)2.1; and wherein for a refractive index N_(k−)of the at least one transparent base body: 1.52≧N_(K)≧1.
 2. Anarrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein N_(LS)=1.8±2%.
 3. Anarrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein material with the lowerrefractive index is a mixed material comprising at least two materialsm₁, m₂, wherein: N_(m1)≧1.05N_(LS) and N_(m2)≦0.95N_(L6).
 4. Anarrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material with the higherrefractive index substantially comprises at least an oxide oroxynitride.
 5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein thematerial with the lower refractive index comprises at least one of thefollowing materials: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂, SiO_(x)N_(y), andthe material with the lower refractive index comprises predominantlySiO₂ and TiO₂, with a ratio of the fractions of A_(SiO2)=(60±5)% andA_(TiO2)=(100%−A_(SiO2)).
 6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1,wherein the material with the lower refractive index comprises Y₂O₃. 7.An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the refractive indexN_(k−) of the material of the at least one base body applies:N_(k)=1.45±2%.
 8. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein bothcoating systems are implemented like said at least one coating system.9. An arrangement according to claim 1, comprising an X-cube in whichthe coating systems are substantially embedded along diagonal planes ofa base body cuboid, which is, at least approximately, square consideredin a cutting plane perpendicular to the common line of intersection ofthe coating systems.
 10. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, whereinat least one of the emergent faces for the light reflected on at leastone of the coating system and resulting from the splitting, is disposedtilted with respect to the direction of emergence of this light suchthat its face normal forms with said direction an angle φ deviating fromzero and specifically by more than is caused by fabrication tolerancesof the light splitter, for which applies: φ≦5 degrees.
 11. Anarrangement as claimed in claim 1, comprising a spectrally selectivelight splitter and recombining device, which divides white light intored, green and blue light or being output at respective output surfacesand recombines red, green and blue light input to respective ones ofsaid output surfaces, with two separate coating systems, each reflectingor transmitting color-selectively, which are applied or embedded on orin at least one transparent base body, which at least one bodydetermines an emergent face each for the red, green and blue light,wherein at least one emergent face is tilted with respect to thedirection of the light emergent from it and reflected on at least one ofthe coating systems such that its face normal forms with this directionan angle φ, deviating from zero, and specifically by more than is causedby a fabrication tolerances of the light splitter, for which applies:φ≦5 degrees.
 12. An arrangement according to claim 11, wherein at leastone of the coating systems comprises at least one layer of a materialwith lower refractive index as well as at least one layer of a materialwith higher refractive index, wherein for the lower refractive indexN_(LS):1.7≦N_(LS)≦2.1; and wherein, for a refractive index N_(k−) of theat least one transparent base body: 1.52≧N_(K)≧1.
 13. An arrangementaccording to claim 12, wherein N_(LS)=1.8±2%.
 14. An arrangementaccording to claim 12, wherein the material with the lower refractiveindex is a mixed material comprising at least two materials m₁, m₂,wherein: N_(m1)≧1.05 N_(LS) and N_(m2)≦0.95 N_(LS).
 15. An arrangementaccording to claim 12, wherein the material with the higher refractiveindex substantially comprises at least an oxide or oxynitride.
 16. Anarrangement according to claim 12, wherein the material with the lowerrefractive index comprises at least one of the following materials:TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂, SiO_(x)N_(y), and the material with thelower refractive index comprises predominantly SiO₂ and TiO₂, with aratio of the fractions of A_(SiO2)=(60±5)% and A_(TiO2)=(100%−A_(SiO2)).17. An arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the material with thelower refractive index comprises Y₂O₃.
 18. An arrangement according toclaim 12, wherein the refractive index N_(k−) of the material of the atleast one base body is: N_(k−)=1.45±2%.
 19. An arrangement according toclaim 12, wherein both coating systems are implemented like said atleast one coating system.
 20. An arrangement according to claim 12,implemented as an X-cube in which the coating systems are substantiallyembedded along diagonal planes of a base body cuboid, which is at leastapproximately, square considered in a cutting plane perpendicular to thecommon line of intersection of the coating systems.
 21. An arrangementaccording to claim 12, wherein at least one of the emergent faces forthe light reflected on at least one of the coating systems and resultingfrom the splitting, is disposed tilted with respect to the direction ofemergence of this light such that its face normal forms with saiddirection an angle φ deviating from zero and specifically by more thanis caused by fabrication tolerances of the light splitter, for which:φ≦5°.
 22. An arrangement according to claim 11, comprising an X-cube.23. An arrangement according to claim 11, including, adjacent saidoutput surfaces, reflectors for respective of said output light, whichreflectors change polarity of light as reflected and wherein lightoutput from respective ones of said output surfaces is reflected at anadjacent surface of respective ones of said reflectors under an anglewhich deviates more from 0 degrees than caused by manufacturingtolerances of the device, and wherein each of the reflectors is formedby configurations of reflecting light valves.
 24. An arrangementaccording to claim 23, wherein the light is reflected on the reflectorsat an angle φ wherein: 0 degrees<φ≦5 degrees, with the angle deviatingfrom zero by more than is caused by fabrication tolerances.
 25. Anarrangement according to claim 23, wherein the light reflection at thespecified angle takes place on more than one of the reflectors.
 26. Anarrangement according to claim 23, wherein an incident face of the lightsplitter for the light to be divided comprises one of a polarizationbeam splitter and an HMI lamp as the illumination source for theincident face.
 27. A projector system with a light splitting andrecombining device, which device divides white light into red, green andblue light being output at respective output surfaces of said device andrecombines red, green and blue light input to respective ones of saidoutput surfaces and comprising at least one coating system performinglight splitting and recombining of at least two of said red, green andblue light, the system further comprising adjacent to said outputsurfaces image-forming elements operating in reflection comprising amultiplicity of individually driven pixels and wherein light output fromrespective ones of said output surfaces is reflected at an adjacentsurface of respective ones of said image-forming elements under an anglewhich deviates more from 0 degrees then caused by manufacturingtolerances of the system.
 28. A system as claimed in claim 27, whereinthe light splitter is an X-cube.
 29. A system as claimed in claim 27,wherein each of the reflectors is formed by configurations of reflectinglight valves, preferably each by LCD configurations.
 30. A system asclaimed in claim 27, wherein the light is reflected on the reflectors atan angle φ wherein: 0 degrees<φ≦5 degrees, with the angle deviating fromzero by more than is caused by fabrication tolerances.
 31. A system asclaimed in claim 27, wherein the light reflection at the specified angletakes place on more than one of the reflectors.
 32. A system as claimedin claim 27, wherein an incident face of the light splitter for thelight to be divided comprises one of a polarization beam splitter and/anHMI lamp as the illumination source for the incident face.
 33. A systemas claimed in claim 27, wherein at least one of the coating systemscomprises at least one layer of a material with lower refractive indexas well as at least one layer of a material with higher refractiveindex, wherein for the lower refractive index N_(LS): 1.7≦N_(LS)2.1; andwherein, for a refractive index N_(k−) of the at least one transparentbase body: 1.52≧N_(K)≧1.
 34. A system as claimed in claim 33, whereinN_(LS)=1.8±2%.
 35. A system as claimed in claim 33, wherein the materialwith the lower refractive index is a mixed material comprising at leasttwo materials m₁, m₂, to which materials: N_(m1)≧1.05 N_(LS) andN_(m2≦)0.95 N_(LS).
 36. A system as claimed in claim 33, wherein thematerial with the higher refractive index substantially comprises atleast an oxide or oxynitride.
 37. A system as claimed in claim 33,wherein the material with the lower refractive index comprises at leastone of the following materials: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂,SiO_(x)N_(y), and the material with the lower refractive index comprisespredominantly SiO₂ and TiO₂, with a ratio of the fractions ofA_(SiO2)=(60±5)% and A_(TiO2)=(100%−A_(SiO2)).
 38. A system as claimedin claim 33, wherein the material with the lower refractive indexcomprises Y₂O₃.
 39. A system as claimed in claim 33, wherein therefractive index N_(k−) of the material of the at least one base bodyis: N_(k)=1.45±2%.
 40. A system as claimed in claim 33, wherein bothcoating systems are implemented like said at least one coating system.41. A system as claimed in claim 33, comprising an X-cube in which thecoating systems are substantially embedded along diagonal planes of abase body cuboid, which is at least approximately, square considered ina cutting plane perpendicular to the common line of intersection of thecoating systems.
 42. A system as claimed in claim 33, wherein at leastone of the emergent faces for the light reflected on at least one of thecoating systems and resulting from the splitting, is disposed tiltedwith respect to the direction of emergence of this light such that itsface normal forms with said direction an angle φ deviating from zero andspecifically by more than is caused by fabrication tolerances of thelight splitter, for which: φ≦5°.
 43. A system as claimed in claim 27,comprising a spectrally selective light splitting and recombiningdevice, which device divides white light into red, green and blue lightbeing output at respective output surfaces and recombines red, green andblue light input to respective ones of said output surfaces, saidspectrally selective light splitting and recombining device defining forcentral propagation axes of output red, green and blue light whereinsaid output surfaces define for a surface normal being warped withrespect to said respective axis by an angle for which there appliesφ≦5°.
 44. A system as claimed in claim 43, including at least twocoating systems, each reflecting and transmitting color selectively,said coating system being applied or embedded on or in at least onetransparent base body, and wherein at least one of the coating systemscomprises at least one layer of a material with lower refractive indexas well as at least one layer of a material with higher refractiveindex, wherein for the lower refractive index N_(LS): 1.7≦N_(LS)≦2.1;and wherein, for a refractive index N_(k−) of the at least onetransparent base body: 1.52≧N_(K)≧1.
 45. A system as claimed in claim44, wherein N_(LS)1.8±2%.
 46. A system as claimed in claim 44, whereinthe material with the lower refractive index is a mixed materialcomprising at least two materials m₁, m₂, to which materials:N_(m1)≧1.05 N_(LS) and N_(m2)≦0.95 N_(LS).
 47. A system as claimed inclaim 44, wherein the material with the higher refractive indexsubstantially comprises at least an oxide or oxynitride.
 48. A system asclaimed in claim 44, wherein the material with the lower refractiveindex comprises at least one of the following materials: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅,Nb₂O₅, HfO₂, ZrO₂, SiO_(x)N_(y), and the material with the lowerrefractive index comprises predominantly SiO₂ and TiO₂, with a ratio ofthe fractions of A_(SiO2)=(60±5)% and A_(TiO2)=(100%−A_(SiO2)).
 49. Asystem as claimed in claim 44, wherein the material with the lowerrefractive index comprises Y₂O₃.
 50. A system as claimed in claim 44,wherein the refractive index N_(k−) of the material of the at least onebase body is: N_(k)=1.45±2%.
 51. A system as claimed in claim 44,wherein both coating systems are implemented like said at least onecoating system.
 52. A system as claimed in claim 44, comprising anX-cube in which the coating systems are substantially embedded alongdiagonal planes of a base body cuboid, which is at least approximately,square considered in a cutting plane perpendicular to the common line ofintersection of the coating systems.
 53. A system as claimed in claim43, including at least one emergent face for the light reflected on atleast one of the coating systems and resulting from the splitting, isdisposed tilted with respect to the direction of emergence of this lightsuch that its face normal forms with said direction an angle φ deviatingfrom zero and specifically by more than is caused by fabricationtolerances of the light splitter, for which: φ≦5°.
 54. A system asclaimed in claim 43, comprising an X-cube.
 55. A system as claimed inclaim 43, including, adjacent said output surfaces, reflectors forrespective of said output light, which reflectors change polarity oflight as reflected and wherein light output from respective ones of saidoutput surfaces is reflected at an adjacent surface of respective onesof said reflectors under an angle which deviates more from 0 degreesthan caused by manufacturing tolerances of the device, and wherein eachof the reflectors is formed by configurations of reflecting lightvalves.
 56. A system as claimed in claim 55, wherein the light isreflected on the reflectors at an angle φ wherein: 0°<φ≦5°, with theangle deviating from zero by more than is caused by fabricationtolerances.
 57. A system as claimed in claim 55, wherein the lightreflection at the specified angle takes place on more than one of thereflectors.
 58. A system as claimed in claim 55, wherein an incidentface of the light splitter for the light to be divided comprises one ofa polarization beam splitter and an HMI lamp as the illumination sourcefor the incident face.
 59. A projector system with a light splitting andrecombining device, which device divides white light into red, green andblue light being output at respective output surfaces and recombinesred, green and blue light input to respective ones of said outputsurfaces, further comprising adjacent to said output surfacesimage-forming elements operating in reflection comprising a multiplicityof individually driven pixels and wherein light output from respectiveones of said output surfaces is reflected at an adjacent surface ofrespective ones of said image-forming elements under an angle whichdeviates more from 0 degrees than caused by manufacturing tolerances ofthe system and wherein the light is reflected on the reflectors at anangle φ wherein: 0 degrees<φ≦5 degrees, with the angle deviating fromzero by more than is caused by fabrication tolerances.
 60. A projectorsystem with a light splitting and recombining device, which devicedivides white light into red, green and blue light being output atrespective output surfaces and recombines red, green and blue lightinput to respective ones of said output surfaces, further comprisingadjacent to said output surfaces image-forming elements operating inreflection comprising a multiplicity of individually driven pixels andwherein light output from respective ones of said output surfaces isreflected at an adjacent surface of respective ones of saidimage-forming elements under an angle which deviates more from 0 degreesthan caused by manufacturing tolerances of the system and wherein thelight reflection at the specified angle takes place on more than one ofthe reflectors.
 61. A projector system with a light splitting andrecombining device, which device divides white light into red, green andblue light being output at respective output surfaces and recombinesred, green and blue light input to respective ones of said outputsurfaces, further comprising adjacent to said output surfacesimage-forming elements operating in reflection comprising a multiplicityof individually driven pixels and wherein light output from respectiveones of said output surfaces is reflected at an adjacent surface ofrespective ones of said image-forming elements under an angle whichdeviates more from 0 degrees than caused by manufacturing tolerances ofthe system and wherein an incident face of the light splitter for thelight to be divided comprises one of a polarization beam splitter and/anHMI lamp as the illumination source for the incident face.
 62. Aprojector system with a light splitting and recombining device, whichdevice divides white light into red, green and blue light being outputat respective output surfaces and recombines red, green and blue lightinput to respective ones of said output surfaces, further comprisingadjacent to said output surfaces image-forming elements operating inreflection comprising a multiplicity of individually driven pixels andwherein light output from respective ones of said output surfaces isreflected at an adjacent surface of respective ones of saidimage-forming elements under an angle which deviates more from 0 degreesthan caused by manufacturing tolerances of the system and wherein atleast one of the coating systems comprises at least one layer of amaterial with lower refractive index as well as at least one layer of amaterial with higher refractive index, wherein for the lower refractiveindex N_(LS): 1.7≦N_(LS)≦2.1; and wherein, for a refractive index N_(k−)of the at least one transparent base body: 1.52≧N_(K)≧1.
 63. A projectorsystem with a light splitting and recombining device, which devicedivides white light into red, green and blue light being output atrespective output surfaces and recombines red, green and blue lightinput to respective ones of said output surfaces, further comprisingadjacent to said output surfaces image-forming elements operating inreflection comprising a multiplicity of individually driven pixels andwherein light output from respective ones of said output surfaces isreflected at an adjacent surface of respective ones of saidimage-forming elements under an angle which deviates more from 0 degreesthan caused by manufacturing tolerances of the system, the systemincluding a spectrally selective light splitting and recombining device,which device divides white light into red, green and blue light beingoutput at respective output surfaces and recombines red, green and bluelight input to respective ones of said output surfaces, said spectrallyselective light splitting and recombining device defining for centralpropagation axes of output red, green and blue light wherein said outputsurfaces define for a surface normal being warped with respect to saidrespective axis by an angle for which there applies φ≦5°.